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Six Centuries of Contemporary Art: 17th Century – Power and Splendour

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During the 17th century, the social elite commissioned art that would manifest its power. Creating an identity was as important then as it is today. In Europe, religious wars ravaged the nations following the Reformation, royal power was strengthened and an aggressive colonial policy was pursued globally. New scientific theories and the exploration of new continents gave rise to new technologies and materials, which also influenced the arts. European forms and exotic materials were combined to create select objects. Painted still life showed off rare fruits and flowers. This period has later been called the Baroque. Among other aspects, the works are characterized by strong contrasts between light and shadow, opulent forms and illusory effects.

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Objektlista

Worship of Venus

Artist: Peter Paul Rubens

Title: Worship of Venus

Description:

The legendary book Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, published in Venice in 1499, includes a description of the garden of the goddess of love on Kythira Island. This depiction later inspired Titian and Watteau. When the former portrayed Venus’ garden, here as a free copy by Rubens, it is not apparent that the vegetation was based on advanced geometry. It is all hidden by a multitude of winged putti, who are picking apples to honour the goddess of love.
Datafält Värde
Title Worship of Venus
Artist Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish, born 1577, dead 1640
Free copy after Tizian, Italian, born ca 1488 or 1490, born ca 1488 or 1490, born c. 1488 or 1490, dead 1576-08-27
Technique/Material Oil on canvas
Dimensions Dimensions 195 x 210 cm, Frame 239 x 254 x 19 cm
Dating Made 1635 - 1638
Acquisition Gift 1865 Karl XV
Inventory number NM 599
Bowl

Artist: Jakob Plank II

Title: Bowl

Description:

Datafält Värde
Title Bowl
Master Jakob Plank II, German, dead 1680, active 1636 - 1680
Technique/Material Silver, partly gilt
Dimensions Dimensions 3,9 x 27 cm, Vikt 464 g
Dating Made about 1650
Acquisition Purchased 1923 from Bukowski’s auction
Inventory number NMK 20/1923
King Candaules of Lydia Showing his Wife to Gyges

Artist: Jacob Jordaens

Title: King Candaules of Lydia Showing his Wife to Gyges

Description:

Boasting of his wife’s beauty, the Greek king Candaules secretly showed his naked wife to his courtier Gyges. This is the moment captured by the painting, but the scene has been relocated to a 17th century milieu instead of Antiquity. The queen looks at us in a way that can be interpreted as both provocative and triumphant. In collusion with the Queen, Gyges murders the king and seizes the throne by her side.
Datafält Värde
Title King Candaules of Lydia Showing his Wife to Gyges
Artist Jacob Jordaens, Flemish, born 1593, dead 1678
Technique/Material Oil on canvas
Dimensions Dimensions 193 x 157 cm, Frame 228 x 193 x 14 cm
Dating Made ca 1646
Acquisition Gift 1872 Count Axel Bielke
Inventory number NM 1159
A Vanitas Still-Life with a Skull, a Book and Roses

Artist: Jan Davidsz. de Heem

Title: A Vanitas Still-Life with a Skull, a Book and Roses

Description:

This painting is an allegory of the transience of life. It shows a number of objects symbolising the fleetingness of time and the vanity of all human ambition. As moral and religious metaphors, they exhort the viewer to observe moderation in worldly affairs and sensual pleasures. In depicting these objects, the artist is also showing off his skill at imitating reality – his painted roses admittedly spread no seductive fragrance, but nor will they ever wilt and die.
Datafält Värde
Title A Vanitas Still-Life with a Skull, a Book and Roses
Artist Jan Davidsz. de Heem, Dutch, born between 1606-04-15 and 1606-04-25, dead between 1683-10-14 and 1684-04-26
Technique/Material Oil on wood
Dimensions Dimensions 23,2 x 34,6 cm, Frame 42 x 54 x 6 cm
Dating Made ca 1630
Acquisition Purchase 1989
Inventory number NM 6842
Kristina, Queen of Sweden, as a Child

Artist: Jacob Heinrich Elbfas

Title: Kristina, Queen of Sweden, as a Child

Description:

Kristina is just a child in this portrait, but already queen of Sweden. She holds the royal orb in a firm grip. On the table, there is also a sceptre and a royal crown. The painting is attributed to the artist Jacob Heinrich Elbfas, who was employed by Kristina’s mother, the queen dowager Maria Eleonora. He was a skilled portrait painter, aware of the importance of carefully depicting the precious garb and the objects that show Kristina’s status.
Datafält Värde
Title Kristina, Queen of Sweden, as a Child
Artist Jacob Heinrich Elbfas, Liivonian, born c. 1600, dead 1664, Circle of
Technique/Material Oil on canvas
Dimensions Dimensions 130,5 x 92,5 cm, Frame 141 x 102 x 6 cm
Acquisition Purchase 1978 Axel Hirsch Fund
Inventory number NM 6693
Charles XII (1682–1718), King of Sweden

Artist: David von Krafft

Title: Charles XII (1682–1718), King of Sweden

Description:

We have now got used to seeing portraits of Charles XII in a simple soldier’s uniform and without a wig. Images showing his style of dress reached Sweden from the battlefields in portrait miniatures, painted for example by General Axel Sparre. These caused much surprise in Sweden: they did not show the king as he was expected to appear and were considered odd. Krafft’s portrait was not painted from life, but on the basis of representations by the artist Johan David Swartz.
Datafält Värde
Title Charles XII (1682–1718), King of Sweden
Artist David von Krafft, Swedish, born 1655, dead 1724-09-20
Technique/Material Oil on canvas
Dimensions Dimensions 227 x 142 cm, Frame 256 x 167 x 11 cm
Dating c.1707
Acquisition Purchase 1938 J. H. Scharps Fund and Sophia Giesecke Fund
Inventory number NM 3299
Portrait of an Old Woman

Artist: Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn

Title: Portrait of an Old Woman

Description:

Like few others, Rembrandt could create a special mood, using a dark palette, free strokes, and effects of light and shadow. By the end of the 17th century, his reputation had spread across Europe and his paintings, especially his portraits, became popular. Portraits of older men and women did not have to represent any particular person, but were a genre in itself. The ambition seems to have been to capture the psychological depth of the model.

Datafält Värde
Title Portrait of an Old Woman
Artist Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, Dutch, born 1606, dead 1669, Workshop of
Technique/Material Oil on canvas
Dimensions Dimensions 87 x 73 cm, Frame 116 x 100 x 9 cm
Dating Signed 1655
Acquisition Transferred 1865 Kongl. Museum
Inventory number NM 582
Portrait of an Old Man

Artist: Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn

Title: Portrait of an Old Man

Description:

Like few others, Rembrandt could create a special mood, using a dark palette, free strokes, and effects of light and shadow. By the end of the 17th century, his reputation had spread across Europe and his paintings, especially his portraits, became popular. Portraits of older men and women did not have to represent any particular person, but were a genre in itself. The ambition seems to have been to capture the psychological depth of the model.

Datafält Värde
Title Portrait of an Old Man
Artist Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, Dutch, born 1606, dead 1669, Workshop of
Technique/Material Oil on canvas
Dimensions Dimensions 89 x 74 cm, Frame 116,1 x 102 x 9 cm
Dating Signed 1655
Acquisition Transferred 1865 Kongl. Museum
Inventory number NM 581
A Dead Child

Artist: Unknown

Title: A Dead Child

Description:

Covered by a thin veil, a boy with eyes closed lies on a gleaming golden cloth. At first glance it looks like the child is sleeping—the cheeks and lips are still rosy. But from other similar paintings we know that this is a type of memorial painting of close relatives that have just died. The stubby body interacts with the folds of the veil and the cloth, and the pallor of the boy contrasts with the black background. [slut]

Description in Art Bulletin of Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, vol 15, 2008
A Dead Child
NM 7049
(See article p. 17) [slut]
Datafält Värde
Title A Dead Child
Artist Unknown, Flemish, active during 1600-talet
Technique/Material Oil on canvas
Dimensions Frame 72 x 89 x 5 cm, Dimensions 64 x 79 cm
Dating Made 1600s
Acquisition Purchase 2008 Axel and Nora Lundgren Fund
Inventory number NM 7049