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The Danish Golden Age
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Nationalmuseum is proud to present the exhibition The Danish Golden Age. The art of the Golden Age is characterised by its sensitive response to the artist’s own surroundings. The result can be seen in intimate landscapes and portraits, often on a small scale. Towards the middle of the century painting became more plaintive, as if attempting to clutch on to a vanishing world. The era ended as it had begun, with the catastrophic loss of Schleswig-Holstein in 1864. Discover the spring and summer's great exhibition, which is one of the most ambitious analyses of the period’s art to be undertaken in many years!
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Objektlista
Artist: Christian August Lorentzen
Title: The Most Terrible Night, View of Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen During the English Bombardement of Copenhagen at Night between 4 and 5 September 1807
Description:
In order to force neutral Denmark to take sides against Napoleon during the Napoleonic Wars, Britain’s Royal Navy bombarded Copenhagen 2–5 September 1807. More than 6,000 shells and incendiary bombs fell on the city, killing several hundred of its inhabitants and injuring considerably more. Around 1,000 buildings were destroyed. This attack, depicted by Lorentzen in his painting, has been viewed as the first terror bombing attack in history as civilians were the primary target.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | The Most Terrible Night, View of Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen During the English Bombardement of Copenhagen at Night between 4 and 5 September 1807 |
| Artist | Christian August Lorentzen, Danish, born 1746, dead 1828 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 74,6 x 89 x 3,7 cm, 63 x 78,5 cm |
| Dating | Made c. 1807 - 1808 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS3468 |
| Loan |
Artist: Martinus Rørbye
Title: View from the Artist’s Window
Description:
Rørbye’s painting depicts his parents’ home in Copenhagen. The harbour can be seen through the window. Although he must have known the setting like the back of his hand, he had painted it in a way that spurs the imagination in drawing our gaze around the room and out towards the horizon. This was painted in 1825 and Rørbye was about to leave home. The motif has been interpreted as an image of the transition from youth to adulthood, for instance because of the plants’ different stages of growth and the view towards the horizon.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | View from the Artist’s Window |
| Artist | Martinus Rørbye, Danish, born 1803-05-17, dead 1848-08-29 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 48,8 x 40,8 x 8,4 cm, 38 x 29,8 cm |
| Dating | Made 1825 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS7452 |
| Loan |
Artist: Christen Købke
Title: The Landscape Painter Frederik Sødring
Description:
Christen Købke depicts his friend Frederik Sødring with a twinkle in his eye. Købke was not reputed to fill his portraits with a wealth of symbolism. Here, however, there are a few subtle hints in the shape of the landscape painter’s folding chair and the reflection in the mirror of Sødring’s view of the waterfall at Ronneby that he had just completed. On the table there is a sketchbook and pencil. Works by artistic forerunners hang above him – views of the Dutch countryside and Roman ruins.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | The Landscape Painter Frederik Sødring |
| Artist | Christen Købke, Danish, born 1810, dead 1848 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 55,5 x 52 x 7,5 cm, 42,2 x 37,9 cm |
| Dating | Made 1832 |
| Acquisition | Den Hirschsprungske Samling, Copenhagen, 255 |
| Loan |
Artist: Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg
Title: A View through Three Arches of the Third Storey of the Colosseum
Description:
Eckersberg’s view from the Colosseum has attracted attention for its powerful and innovative pictorial concept. It is also an example of how the artist manipulated reality to attain as effective and striking an image as possible. In real life, in fact, it is impossible to see all three scenes viewed through the arches at the same time from this position.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | A View through Three Arches of the Third Storey of the Colosseum |
| Artist | Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, Danish, born 1783, dead 1853 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 43,8 x 61,1 x 8 cm, 32 x 49,5 cm |
| Dating | Made 1815 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS3123 |
| Loan |
Artist: Christen Købke
Title: View of Lake Sortedam from Dosseringen Looking towards Nørrebro, Copenhagen
Description:
Although asymmetrical, this image is in perfect balance, with the flagpole as an axis close to its centre. An evocative scene that can also be read politically. When it was painted, the Danish flag could only be used by the royal family and the navy. In placing it here Købke may be expressing his loyalty to the royal family or his sympathies for the liberal movements that wanted to make the flag a symbol of civic unity.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | View of Lake Sortedam from Dosseringen Looking towards Nørrebro, Copenhagen |
| Artist | Christen Købke, Danish, born 1810, dead 1848 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 63,6 x 82,6 x 10,5 cm, 53 x 71,5 cm |
| Dating | Made 1838 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS359 |
| Loan |
Artist: Ditlev Blunck
Title: The Battle-Painter Jørgen Sonne in his Studio
Description:
Blunck’s studio interior with the figure of Jørgen Sonne is both a humorous and an idealised image of an artist working at his easel. The battle painter is seated nonchalantly on a drum, surrounded by other props. He attempts to compensate for the absence of marching troops by making a detailed study of a uniform and a bayonet, overseen by Napoleon on the window sill. By his imagination alone, the artist is able to rise above prosaic reality.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | The Battle-Painter Jørgen Sonne in his Studio |
| Artist | Ditlev Blunck, Danish, born 1799, dead 1853 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 138,7 x 119,5 x 7,9 cm, 121,5 x 101 cm |
| Dating | Made 1826 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS57 |
| Loan |
Artist: Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg
Title: The Nathanson Family
Description:
Tradition has it that Eckersberg’s portrait of the Nathanson family shows the wealthy wholesaler and his wife returning from a visit to the queen. Originally, the artist intended to place the father in the centre, playing with his eight children, but that would have made it too private a scene. The left half of the painting was probably already done when the client changed his mind. The final result was a more official portrait of the Nathansons.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | The Nathanson Family |
| Artist | Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, Danish, born 1783, dead 1853 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 146,2 x 193,1 x 11,4 cm, 126 x 172,5 cm |
| Dating | Made 1818 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS1241 |
| Loan |
Artist: Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg
Title: Julie Eckersberg, née Juel, the Artist’s second Wife
Description:
Eckersberg painted this portrait of his wife Julie only a few months after their marriage. She was expecting their first child. Even though the artist, who was renowned for his accuracy, had rendered everything in minute detail, at the same time he has succeeded in capturing the loving glance of his newly-wed bride. Julie was the daughter of the artist Jens Juel. The landscape painting we see in the mirror was probably a work by Eckersberg’s father-in-law.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | Julie Eckersberg, née Juel, the Artist’s second Wife |
| Artist | Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, Danish, born 1783, dead 1853 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 45,6 x 41,8 x 6,2 cm, 31,5 x 27,5 cm |
| Dating | Made 1817 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS1763 |
| Loan |
Artist: Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg
Title: Emilie, the Artist’s Daughter
Description:
Eckersberg rarely revealed what he thought or felt about his sitter. In this portrait of his daughter Emilie, however, he has clearly captured the powerful emotion of the girl, who has just lost her mother. Her eyes are filled with tears and she is dressed in mourning. Eckersberg also divulges in his diary how difficult he found it to paint this particular portrait.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | Emilie, the Artist’s Daughter |
| Artist | Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, Danish, born 1783, dead 1853 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 34,5 x 26,7 x 5,5 cm, 26 x 18 cm |
| Dating | Made 1827 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS1761 |
| Loan |
Artist: Constantin Hansen
Title: A Little Girl, Elise Købke, with a Cup
Description:
The little girl was the sister of Constantin Hansen’s wife, Magdalena Købke. The artist’s main intention was not, of course, to show an everyday situation with his sister-in-law, Elise Købke, stirring a cup with a spoon. Instead the portrait is imbued with great concentration a wish to capture the subject’s personality. Simplification, gravity, elevated monumentality are concepts used to characterise paintings by Hansen.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | A Little Girl, Elise Købke, with a Cup |
| Artist | Constantin Hansen, Danish, born 1804, dead 1880 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on paper mounted on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 51 x 47,5 x 7 cm, 39 x 35,5 cm |
| Dating | Made 1850 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS3388 |
| Loan |
Artist: Ludvig August Smith
Title: A Woman Pleating her Hair
Description:
Ludvig August (L. A.) Smith participated in Eckersberg's summer course for several years. The model in his study was named Cathrine Nielsen and was hired in 1839. The study is a fine example of how the sharp lighting of summer daylight enabled the artist to bring out even the most subtle effects of the play of light and shadows on the skin.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | A Woman Pleating her Hair |
| Artist | Ludvig August Smith, Danish, born 1820-11-22, dead 1906-11-12 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 92 x 78,5 x 10 cm, Dimensions 74 x 60 cm |
| Dating | Made 1839 |
| Acquisition | Purchase 2016 Wiros Fund |
| Inventory number | NM 7317 |
Artist: Johan Thomas Lundbye
Title: The Artist Lorenz Frølich
Description:
Lundbye’s image of his close friend Lorenz Frølich probably dates from just before the latter travelled abroad to study in 1840. This portrait drawing, like many of his others, has quite special, independent qualities. It is markedly graphic in character, with ink lines of varying density, as if the intention was to turn the whole thing directly into an etching.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | The Artist Lorenz Frølich |
| Artist | Johan Thomas Lundbye, Danish, born 1818, dead 1848 |
| Technique/Material | Pen and black ink, wash in grey |
| Dimensions | 63 x 50 cm, 30 x 23,6 cm |
| Dating | Made 1840 |
| Acquisition | Den Hirschsprungske Samling, Copenhagen, 1153 r |
| Loan |
Artist: Constantin Hansen
Title: A Group of Danish Artists in Rome
Description:
Hansen’s portrait of his fellow artists in Rome originated in a commission from the Art Society in Copenhagen. He was allowed to choose the motif himself. The group of artists is listening to the architect Gottlieb Bindesbøll, who is wearing a fez and describing a visit to Constantinople he had made recently. On the walls there are painted studies etc. that indicate what the young men were doing in the Eternal City. Hansen has placed himself on the left in the background.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | A Group of Danish Artists in Rome |
| Artist | Constantin Hansen, Danish, born 1804, dead 1880 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 71,8 x 84,9 x 8,5 cm, 62 x 74 cm |
| Dating | Made 1837 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS3236 |
| Loan |
Artist: Thorald Læssøe
Title: View from Colosseum towards Forum Romanum
Description:
In Læssøe’s painting from Rome, there are several scenes. In the foreground, outside the Colosseum, a group of people are saying prayers at the ancient fountain Meta Sudans, while tourists are watching. A wagon drawn by oxen is heading towards the Arch of Titus, where some priests can be seen. A beggar and a shepherd with sheep provide a sense of the place. The painting once belonged to Kristian VIII of Denmark.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | View from Colosseum towards Forum Romanum |
| Artist | Thorald Læssøe, Danish, born 1816, dead 1878 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Dimensions 134 x 185 cm, Frame 162 x 213 x 10 cm |
| Dating | Made 1848 |
| Acquisition | Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, NM 3861. Gift 1940 Director A. Stangenberg |
| Inventory number | NM 3861 |
Artist: Martinus Rørbye
Title: Loggia, Procida
Description:
Rørbye had almost certainly seen the artist Thomas Fearnley’s depiction of the same place on the island of Procida off Naples before he decided to go there himself. The work has been painted rapidly with thinly applied paint as a base that dried quickly and enabled the artist to begin on the next layer with little delay. Altogether painting works like this need not take more than a few hours, so that to some extent they really reflect what the artists themselves experienced.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | Loggia, Procida |
| Artist | Martinus Rørbye, Danish, born 1803-05-17, dead 1848-08-29 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on paper mounted on canvas |
| Dimensions | Dimensions 32 x 47,5 cm, Frame 46 x 62 x 5 cm |
| Dating | Signed 1835 |
| Acquisition | Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, NM 7402. Purchase 2017 Wiros Fund |
| Inventory number | NM 7402 |
Artist: Johan Thomas Lundbye
Title: A Danish Coast, View from Kitnæs on Roskilde Fjord, Zealand
Description:
A Danish Coast is Lundbye’s great declaration of love for Denmark, albeit in an idealised form. The artist based his painting on studies from Kitnæs on Roskilde Fjord, but exaggerated the proportions. Such mountain-like landforms are hardly a characteristic of the coastal landscape of Zealand. Even so, the sharp detail with which Lundbye records the geology and the erosion of the cliffs lends the work a feeling of authenticity.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | A Danish Coast, View from Kitnæs on Roskilde Fjord, Zealand |
| Artist | Johan Thomas Lundbye, Danish, born 1818, dead 1848 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 203,9 x 271,2 x 8,8 cm, 188,5 x 255,5 cm |
| Dating | Made 1843 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS412 |
| Loan |
Artist: Ditlev Blunck
Title: Danish artists at the Osteria La Gensola in Rome
Description:
Målningen är ett grupporträtt av danska konstnärer som befann sig i Rom 1836 och samtidigt en så kallad genrebild – en scen ur vardagslivet. En italiensk familj har samlats kring bordet till vänster, medan danskarna sitter till höger, med den berömde skulptören Thorvaldsen vid bordsändan. Bredvid honom sitter Just Henrik Mundt, Köpenhamns borgmästare, som verkar ha synpunkter på notan. Mundt beställde målningen som en souvenir från sitt Rombesök.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | Danish artists at the Osteria La Gensola in Rome |
| Artist | Ditlev Blunck, Danish, born 1799, dead 1853 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 83 x 105 x 8 cm, 74,5 x 99,4 cm |
| Dating | Made 1837 |
| Acquisition | The Danish Museum of National History, Frederiksborg Castle, Hillerød, A 2054 |
| Loan |
Artist: Louis Gurlitt
Title: Møns Klint
Description:
Gurlitt’s painting of the cliffs of the island of Møn is one of the most magnificent Golden Age works and recalls Caspar David Friedrich and German romanticism. The artist has adopted a point of view some way away from the imposing chalk cliffs. At the same time as it depicts Denmark as magnificent, the painting is based on geological observations, which Gurlitt had had ben informed about by contemporary researchers.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | Møns Klint |
| Artist | Louis Gurlitt, German, born 1812-03-08, dead 1897-09-19 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 172,5 x 231,7 x 9 cm, 138 x 197 cm |
| Dating | Made 1842 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS525 |
| Loan |
Artist: Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg
Title: The Sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen
Description:
This portrait of the sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen is considered to be one of Eckersberg’s best. The subject is dressed in the black habit of a member of Academia San Lucas. He is gazing into the distance and in the background can be seen his Alexander Frieze for the Quirinal Palace, a reminder that he like Alexander had won renown, but in the field of art. Thorvaldsen was the most famous Dane of his time and spent 40 years in Rome. This is one of Eckersberg’s own replicas of the original he painted in 1814.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | The Sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen |
| Artist | Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, Danish, born 1783, dead 1853 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Dimensions 91 x 74 cm, Frame 106 x 91 x 9 cm |
| Dating | Made 1832 |
| Acquisition | Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, NM 2491. Purchase 1925 |
| Inventory number | NM 2491 |
Artist: Christine Løvmand
Title: A Bouquet of Flowers at the Foot of a Tree
Description:
Flower motifs belong to a long tradition. They experienced a renaissance during the 19th century and were painted mainly by women, who in Denmark were not at this time allowed to study at the academy. Christine Løvmand was a private pupil of Eckersberg and J.L. Camradt. Flower paintings serve a highly decorative function but can also embody symbolic messages. The exotic flowers represent prosperity and the same time trading connections with distant countries.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | A Bouquet of Flowers at the Foot of a Tree |
| Artist | Christine Løvmand, Danish, born 1803, dead 1872 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 77,5 x 69,6 x 6,6 cm, 65,5 x 57,5 cm |
| Dating | Made 1832 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS1260 |
| Loan |
Artist: Wilhelm Marstrand
Title: Auction Scene
Description:
Here we see a scene from one of the many auctions of goods arranged in cities like Copenhagen at this time. The main action concerns ladies who are competing for a red uniform jacket for their husbands in the Civic Guard. In addition, the painting contains umpteen caricatures of people’s avarice, vanity, anger and sloth. A barefooted boy scornfully observes the follies of the adults from the top of ladder, accompanied by Minerva, the goddess of wisdom.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | Auction Scene |
| Artist | Wilhelm Marstrand, Danish, born 1810, dead 1873 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Dimensions 80 x 117 cm, Frame 94 x 131 x 7 cm |
| Dating | Made 1835 |
| Acquisition | Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, NM 7477. Purchase 2018 Wiros Fund |
| Inventory number | NM 7477 |
Artist: Niels Simonsen
Title: A Road outside Algiers
Description:
Niels Simonsen, along with Martinus Rørbye, was one of the most widely travelled of Danish Golden Age artists. In 1839–40, after several years studying in Munich, he went to Algeria, recently colonised by the French. Presumably he had been attracted to the country by Horace Vernet’s paintings of North African subjects. This view from the outskirts of Algiers is probably a studio work, yet retains the freshness and sharp light of an oil study.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | A Road outside Algiers |
| Artist | Niels Simonsen, Danish, born 1807, dead 1885 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on paper mounted on canvas |
| Dimensions | Dimensions 21,9 x 34,1 cm |
| Dating | Made c. 1840 |
| Acquisition | Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, NM 7485. Purchase 2019 Sophia Giesecke Fund |
| Inventory number | NM 7485 |
Artist: Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg
Title: View from the Lime-Kilns in Copenhagen
Description:
Eckersberg often took walks in Copenhagen harbour. Sometimes he sat down to draw or paint. He painted this work in one day in September 1825. He has not devoted as much effort as in his major works to rendering the vessels accurately. Judging by the extensive foreground, the work is rather a painted image of his personal experience of the place – perhaps the thoughts aroused by the ships, ready as they are to sail away to different foreign ports.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | View from the Lime-Kilns in Copenhagen |
| Artist | Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg, Danish, born 1783, dead 1853 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Dimensions 22 x 32 cm, Frame 35 x 45 x 6 cm |
| Dating | Made 1825 |
| Acquisition | Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, NM 2261. Gift 1920 Nationalmusei Vänner |
| Inventory number | NM 2261 |
Artist: Thorald Læssøe
Title: Ships on a Bay, Possibly Horsens Fiord
Description:
The fjord landscapes which both Vilhelm Kyhn and Thorald Læssøe painted around 1850 capture much of the elegiac mood of late Golden Age painting. The sea is dead calm, as if, in their paintings, these artists wanted to stop time and an existence in constant flux. Everything breathes a sense of peace. This has been interpreted as a desire to depict nature as imbued with spirituality, at a time when external dangers threatened the Danish nation.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | Ships on a Bay, Possibly Horsens Fiord |
| Artist | Thorald Læssøe, Danish, born 1816, dead 1878 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Dimensions 51 x 67 cm, Frame 66,7 x 83 x 5,7 cm exklusive handtag , Frame 66,7 x 83 x 7,5 cm Inklusive |
| Dating | Made c. 1850 |
| Acquisition | Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, NM 7394. Purchase 2016 Wiros Fund |
| Inventory number | NM 7394 |
Artist: Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann
Title: A Wounded Danish Soldier
Description:
The Danish soldier, his arm and head in bandages, has been wounded in the war of 1864 against Germany. His young wife is playing the role of the comforting nurse but can also be interpreted as the protectress of the nation’s virtues and customs. After losing the war, there was a need to channel both grief and patriotic feeling in culture. This painting brought Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann positive recognition in official Denmark, something she otherwise rarely enjoyed.
| Datafält | Värde |
| Title | A Wounded Danish Soldier |
| Artist | Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann, Danish, born 1819, dead 1881 |
| Technique/Material | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | Frame 131,2 x 165,2 x 10,3 cm, 107 x 142,5 cm |
| Dating | Made 1865 |
| Acquisition | Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, KMS852 |
| Loan |